Medical and Health Sciences

Etiological Factors of Gastrointestinal Cancer and the Association Between Diet Quality in Sri Lanka

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers—gastric, oesophageal, and colorectal cancers—are a severe and growing public health problem in Sri Lanka, driven by genetic predisposition as well as a complex interaction of lifestyle and environmental risk factors. Food quality is the strongest modifiable risk factor determining both disease occurrence and disease outcome among them. The following broader critical overview […]

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The Order of Draw and Rationale of Blood Collection Tubes: A Review of Guidelines and Pre-Analytical Considerations

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    Accurate blood collection is an important step in patient care because most diagnoses depend on lab tests (WHO, 2010). Errors made before analysis, the “pre-analytical phase”, cause up to 70% of laboratory mistakes (Njoroge and Nichols, 2014; Dagher et al., 2019). Tubes used in venipuncture contain additives that directly influence the blood sample

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Network Meta-Analysis of Atypical Antipsychotics in Bipolar Depression

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This Bayesian network meta-analysis, published in BMC Psychiatry (2021), addresses a clinically significant gap by comparing atypical antipsychotics for bipolar depression through indirect evidence synthesis. The study’s methodology is appropriately sophisticated, employing network meta-analysis to overcome the absence of direct head-to-head trials between these medications. Strengths: The research design effectively leverages available randomised controlled trial

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Critical Review of Integrated Dengue Prevention: Environmental Cleanliness and Community Awareness

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This review critically evaluates current dengue prevention strategies, with a focused lens on the interrelated roles of environmental cleanliness and community awareness. Dengue, transmitted predominantly by Aedes aegypti, remains a significant global health threat. exacerbated by urbanization, climate change, and globalization. With no widely effective antiviral treatment and only limited vaccine success, preventive measures remain

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“The COVID-19 pandemic: consequences for nephrology”

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Source – https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030926 Introduction The article by Annette Bruchfeld, published in Nature Reviews Nephrology (February 2021) provides a timely analysis of COVID-19’s impact on nephrology. The article effectively summarises early research findings from 2020 regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and kidney disease. This review will evaluate the article’s scientific merits, methodological approach, findings, limitations, and

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Critical Review: Sri Lanka’s Mental Health Crisis – Underfunding, Stigma, and Service Gaps

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Three main issues affect mental health in Sri Lanka: limited finances, much stigma, and poor services, particularly in rural areas.  Despite having effective policies, inequalities are still generated by inefficiencies and cultural factors.  Approximately 13.3% of people experience untreated mental illness as a result (Mental Health in Sri Lanka A Summary – Join Health, n.d.;

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Potential diagnostic biomarkers for chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka: a pilot study

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Critical Review Introduction The study by Sayanthooran et al. (2017) explores a significant public health issue in Sri Lanka—chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu)—which predominantly affects farming communities in dry zones. Unlike typical CKD cases, which are often linked to diabetes or hypertension, CKDu lacks a clearly defined cause. The researchers aimed to identify

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Critical review of “Artificial Intelligence as a Replacement for Animal Experiments in Neurology: Potential, Progress, and Challenges” by Thorsten Rudroff

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  Thorsten Rudroff’s 2024 perspective article explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to supplant animal experimentation in neurology. The article offers a comprehensive and optimistic overview of emerging AI methodologies, including brain organoids, computational modeling, and machine learning, positing them as superior alternatives to traditional animal-based research. While the article is rich in

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Application effect of an artificial intelligence-based fundus screening system: evaluation in a clinical setting and population screening

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Introduction: – Ocular fundus abnormalities like diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and pathological myopia (PM) are major causes of blindness worldwide. – Early detection is crucial for preventing irreversible vision loss from these conditions. – AI systems based on fundus imaging like color fundus photography (CFP) have potential for

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The relationship between hydronephrosis severity on ultrasound and kidney stone size

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Introduction Kidney stones are a common urologic condition, with an increasing incidence and prevalence globally. Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) is frequently used in emergency departments to evaluate suspected kidney stones, given its high accuracy for detecting the presence, size and location of stones. However, ultrasound is advantageous due to lower cost, lack of ionizing radiation,

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